Modeling Longitudinal Ordinal Response Variables for Educational Data

Abstract

This article presents applications for the analysis of multilevel ordinal response data through the proportional odds model. Data are drawn from the public-use Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Results showed that gender, number of family risk characteristics, and age at kindergarten entry were associated with initial reading proficiency (0 to 5 scale). The number of family risks and age were associated with time-slopes. Three issues are highlighted: building multilevel ordinal models, interpretation of multilevel effects; and determination of predicted probabilities based on results of the multilevel proportional odds models.